OWNERSHIP & RISK

Choose the delivery model before choosing the equipment.

Funding, contracting, ownership, integration risk and operating responsibility must be explicit before procurement.

Model	Funds	Contracts	Asset owner	Integration risk	Operator	Transfer
Turnkey EPC	Client / investor	Infinity or agreed EPC entity	Client	Integrator under contracted scope	Client or appointed operator	At final acceptance
EPCM	Client / investor	Client with EPCM management	Client	Client retains package integration exposure	Client	Not applicable
BOT	Project company / financiers	Project company	Project company then agreed transferee	Project company	Concession operator	At contractual transfer date
Joint Venture	Partners	JV entity	JV entity	Shared under governance agreement	JV or appointed operator	According to shareholders agreement
Technology-Transfer Licence	Client / licensee	Client	Client	Client, with defined transfer support	Client	Not applicable
Phased CAPEX	Client / investor	By phase	Client	Defined separately at each gate	Client	Not applicable

Turnkey EPC

Best fit: Defined-scope projects

Advantage: Single coordinated responsibility

Exposure: Change and owner-decision risk remains

Best fit: Complex phased projects

Advantage: Transparent packages and control

Exposure: More owner contracting responsibility

Best fit: Infrastructure with viable operating model

Advantage: Links delivery and operation

Exposure: Country, tax, demand and concession risk

Best fit: Localisation and market-entry projects

Advantage: Shared capital and market capability

Exposure: Governance, valuation and partner risk

Best fit: Existing facility or local manufacturer

Advantage: Access to defined know-how

Exposure: Licence, capability and compliance boundaries

Best fit: Demand-led scale-up

Advantage: Limits premature capital

Exposure: Interface risk between phases

BOT and joint-venture structures require country-specific legal, tax and financial review; this page is not a financing offer.